Allergies in pets are a topic of increasing concern for pet owners and veterinarians alike. While many of us are vigilant about what we feed our pets, sometimes, despite our best efforts, they can develop allergies to certain foods. In this blog post, we will delve into the science behind common food allergens in dogs and cats, based on a comprehensive study published in the BMC Veterinary Research journal.

The Study: Purpose and Findings

The study aimed to identify the most common food allergens contributing to canine and feline cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). It was a critically appraised topic that reviewed scientific literature up to January 16, 2015. The study concluded that in dogs living in Australia, Europe, or North America, the most likely allergens contributing to CAFRs are beef, dairy products, chicken, wheat, and lamb. For cats, the most common allergens causing CAFRs are beef, fish, and chicken.

It's important to note that the study also highlighted that the true prevalence of each offending allergen in dogs and cats is likely higher than reported. This is because animals in the studies were usually only challenged with a limited number of allergens, not all possible ones.

What Are Food Allergens?

Food allergens are substances in food that can trigger an immune response in allergic individuals. In pets, these allergens can cause a range of symptoms, from skin irritations to gastrointestinal issues.

Common Food Allergens in Dogs

According to the aforementioned study, the most common food allergens in dogs are:

• Beef: 34% of cases
• Dairy Products: 17% of cases
• Chicken: 15% of cases
• Wheat: 13% of cases
• Lamb: 5% of cases

Common Food Allergens in Cats

For our feline companions, the most common food allergens are:

• Beef: 18% of cases
• Fish: 17% of cases
• Chicken: 5% of cases

Alternative Food Options: Turkey and Pumpkin

When it comes to treating diarrhoea in dogs, the traditional approach has often been a bland diet of chicken and rice. However, given that chicken is a common allergen, an alternative option worth considering is a diet of turkey and pumpkin. Turkey is generally easier to digest and less likely to cause an allergic reaction, while pumpkin is rich in fibre and can help regulate bowel movements.

First Aid Solutions

Being prepared for unexpected situations can help pet parents feel more confident when caring for their animals. A well-stocked pet first aid kit can be a useful addition to your home, providing basic supplies to support minor incidents while you assess whether veterinary attention is needed.

A general pet first aid kit may include essentials such as bandages, gauze, antiseptic solutions suitable for pets, tweezers, a digital thermometer, and a list of important veterinary contacts. It’s also helpful to familiarise yourself with basic first aid steps and understand when an injury or change in your pet’s health requires professional advice.

While first aid preparation can provide support in everyday situations, it should always complement, not replace, veterinary care. If your pet experiences a serious injury, allergic reaction, difficulty breathing, poisoning, or sudden changes in behaviour, seek veterinary assistance promptly.

Recommendations

Every pet is unique, and the right approach will depend on your pet’s individual needs, history, and circumstances. Understanding common health concerns, recognising changes early, and seeking guidance from a veterinary professional can help you make informed decisions about your pet’s wellbeing.

Whether you are preparing for emergencies, managing environmental changes, or supporting your pet’s everyday routine, working alongside your veterinarian ensures your pet receives care that is appropriate and tailored to them.